Motivational Strategies and Students Academic Performance in Business Studies
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Business Studies is the subject provides in Junior Secondary Schools, it is one of the subjects which enable students to acquire vocational knowledge and skills in Business management, accounting, private and public administration, computer, bookkeeping and office practices.
Business studies is a subject that provides us with the knowledge, understanding and skills needed for productive work or activity. Business studies can be regarded as the study of the methods and techniques of setting up and running a business venture profitably.
The main objective of going into a business is to make a profit. It develops and prepares a student for office occupations in future and equips them with the basic skills with which to begin an occupation a student have an opportunity for further training.
It allows students to understand the necessity for the existence of various businesses. Furthermore, students can differentiate between types of businesses. Business studies enable students to develop a keen interest in various forms of business, which they can engage in (set up) after leaving school.
To achieve the above stated objectives there is need for the students to be involved in the teaching/learning process and for this to occur, the students have to be motivated. Motivation is the process through which individuals are charged to increase their action or performance either by internal intrinsic (external or extrinsic) factors. Intrinsic motivation is said to be derived internally in the task itself.
It occurs while a person is performing an activity in which he takes delight and derives satisfaction in doing such activity. Tella (2013) asserted that motivation can be both intrinsic and extrinsic factors such variables are considered in this study, in the context of this study, motivational strategies that can change or encourage them to learn and perform better in their examination, these motivational strategies include feedback, praises and rewards.
Motivational Strategies and Students Academic Performance in Business Studies
Motivation plays an important role in influencing students’ academic performance in learning situation. Individual learners have varying levels of psychological needs that do exert much influence on their academic performance and determine the degree of their activities in the classroom. The extent to which ability can be translated or elevated into performance is dependent on the level of incentive provided by the organization which satisfies the needs of people.
For this reason, parents have the role and responsibility of motivating their children towards effective learning in school and subsequently toward recording successes in their examination. It is not only sending their children to the most expensive school that matter but ensuring that all their learning needs are provided (Davidson, 2012).
Motivational strategies in education are those strategies apply by government, parent, teachers to bring the best out from the learners. These strategies are praise, punishment, reward and encouragement. It is obvious that a teacher cannot bring the students in his class in a high academic performance without knowing what motivates the students.
The importance of operating an efficient classroom system during the teaching learning situation, maintaining their roles must be built on knowledge of motivation. Edet (2019) opines that motivational strategies are the spring board for learning effectiveness without motivational strategies students learning in school will become very difficult, but through the use of Motivational Strategies is the main power for academic excellence.
Akpan (2018) posited that in order to cope with fast turnover of knowledge the learners of Business Studies need teaching and learning of Business Studies approaches that involves efficient learning methods where Student of Business Studies will be motivated to learn rather than looking for what to study. Under good method of learning the students will learn best way by doing analysis thinking of what the teacher teaches them.
Ebong (2019) asserted that one of the motivational strategies for secondary school students is feedback. Feedback occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause-and-effect that forms a circuit or loop (Dijk, Cremer, Mulder, and Stouten 2018). Feedback gives freedom to the teachers to develop the curriculum that suit his/her Students and their circumstance. Another motivational strategy is the use of praise.
According to Inyang (2019) praising of a child in his/her academic good work evoke joy to the child and hereby putting more effort for other academic works. Lapper (2020) stated that praise can be used in many ways like a smiles, novel of the teacher head.
Pleasant facial expression gesture and verbal Praise like you have done well. Reward is an incentive plan to reinforce the desirable behavior of workers or employers and in return for their service to the organization. According to Abia (2017) rewards are very essentials tool that awaken the intelligent of Students in schools.
From the above explanation, it could be concluded that, in teaching/ learning process, motivation is necessary for effective teaching to take place which will on turn necessitate effective learning.
Hence this study is design to investigate teacher’s motivational strategies and students’ academic performance in Business Studies in Secondary Schools in Ini Local Government Area. This then formed the background to the study.
Motivational Strategies and Students Academic Performance in Business Studies
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The demands of learner’s nowadays are more complex than the past one. Before, a teacher was expected to be master with books so that he can impact same to his students. The teacher which act as an input system should be able not to manage only his students but to used different motivational strategies (such as tangible reward, encouragement, praises, punishment) in his/her teaching.
Lack of necessary teaching aids to facilitate the teaching and learning process. Hence this problem fall back at students and educational system in general in which the teachers are the anchor: this study is therefore aimed at investigating motivational strategies and students’ academic performance in Business Studies in Secondary Schools in Ini Local Government Area.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The study aimed at investigating motivational strategies and students’ academic performance in Business Studies in Secondary Schools in Ini Local Government Area. Specifically, the study intends to:
- To examine the effect of feedback on students academic performance in Business Studies in Secondary Schools in Ini Local Government Area.
- To investigate the effect of praise on students academic performance in Business Studies in Secondary Schools in Ini Local Government Area.
- To examine the influence of rewards on students academic performance in Business Studies in Secondary Schools in Ini Local Government Area.
1.4 Significance of the Study
The study will be of immense benefit to students, parents, teachers, curriculum developers and the society at large. Specifically, the study would benefit the followings:
To Students: It will be of a great value to the students they would be guided to inculcate intrinsic motivation variable for independent study habits.
To Parents: Parents will also find this research useful as they would be guided to see the greater need for the motivation and supervision of their children.
To Teachers: Teachers will also benefit from the finding of this study as they will be guided see the need of using motivational strategies to encourage students to study and perform very well.
To curriculum developers: Curriculum developers will benefit from the study as findings of this study will enable the curriculum developers to include the motivational strategies to be used by teachers in the curriculum.
To the Society: The study will also encourage the society to see the need of motivating individuals in other to bring the about out of them..
1.5 Research Questions
The following research questions were formulated guide the study.
- Is there any significant difference in the academic performance of students in Business Studies based on feedback motivational strategy?
- Is there any significant difference in the academic performance of students in Business Studies based on praise motivational strategy?
- Is there any significant difference in the academic performance of students in Business Studies based on rewards motivational strategy?
1.6 Research Hypotheses
The following research questions were formulated guide the study.
- There is no significant difference in the academic performance of students in Business Studies based on feedback motivational strategy.
- There is no significant difference in the academic performance of students in Business Studies based on praise motivational strategy.
- There is no significant difference in the academic performance of students in Business Studies based on rewards motivational strategy.
1.7 Delimitation of the Study
This study focused on Motivational Strategies and Students academic performance of Business Studies. Students in Junior Secondary Three (JS3) in three selected public secondary schools Ini Local Government Area. Only three motivational strategies (feedback, praise and reward) were considered in the study.
1.8 Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined as they are applied in the study.
Motivational Strategies: this is referred to ways or method use to motivate Students to learn Business Studies. These include feedback, praise and reward as used in the study.
Academic Performance: this is referred to the actual grade or marks or score the students obtained in Business Studies Performance Test.
Feedback: this is referred to the process of gathering feedback from the students based on the lesson taught and then acting on that feedback.
Reward: this mean to recompense a person for a job well done, for a service he rendered or for his own merit.
Praise: refers to positive evaluations made by a person of another’s products, attributes or performances where the evaluator presumes the validity of the standards on which the evaluation is based.
Motivational Strategies and Students Academic Performance in Business Studies
Motivational Strategies and Students Academic Performance in Business Studies
Motivational Strategies and Students Academic Performance in Business Studies
Motivational Strategies and Students Academic Performance in Business Studies
Motivational Strategies and Students Academic Performance in Business Studies
Motivational Strategies and Students Academic Performance in Business Studies
Motivational Strategies and Students Academic Performance in Business Studies
Motivational Strategies and Students Academic Performance in Business Studies
Motivational Strategies and Students Academic Performance in Business Studies
Motivational Strategies and Students Academic Performance in Business Studies
Motivational Strategies and Students Academic Performance in Business Studies
Motivational Strategies and Students Academic Performance in Business Studies
